Supercritical Fluids: Fundamentals and Applications - Nato Science Series E: 2000 edition

Marc Notes: Proceeedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Supercritical Fluids--Fundamentals and Applications, Kemer, Antalya, Turkey, July 12-24, 1998--T.p. verso.; Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division.; Includes bibliographical references and index. Table of Contents: Preface. Organizing Committee and the List of Contributors. 1. Supercritical Fluids: Their properties and applications; J. M. H. Levelt Sengers. 2. Physico-chemical principles of supercritical fluid science; G. M. Schneider, et al. 3. Phase equilibria in near-critical solutions: Binary and ternary mixtures of carbon dioxide and certain solutes and the occurrence of two-phase holes; K. Gauter, C. J. Peters. 4. Critical anc crossover phenomena in fluids and fluid mixtures; M. A. Anisimov, J. V. Sengers. 5. Phase separation by nucleation and by spinodal decomposition: Fundamentals; P. G. Debenedetti. 6. Polymer miscibility and kinetics of pressure-induced phase separation in Near-critical and supercritical fluids; E. Kiran. 7. Fundamentals of interfacial properties; P. M. W. Cornelisse, C. J. Peters. 8. Theory and simulation of colloid and interface science in supercritical fluids; J. C. Meredith, K. P. Johnston. 9. Polymer phase behavior: Todays achievements and tomorrow's needs; L. A. L. Kleintjens. 10. Polymerization and polymer modification reactions in near and supercritical fluids; E. Kiran. 11. Phase transitions in polymer blends and block copolymers induced by selective dilation with supercritical CO2; J. J. Watkins, et al. 12. Applications of supercritical fluids to pharmaceuticals: Controlled drug release systems; I. Kikic, P. Sist. 13. Supercritical water and other fluids - A historical perspective; E. U. Franck. 14. Solution chemistry in supercritical water: Spectroscopy and simulation; K. P. Johnston, P. J. Rossky. 15. Molecular simulation and modeling of supercritical water and aqueous solutions; A. A. Chialvo, P. T. Cummings. 16. Solute reaction dynamics in the compressible regime; S. C. Tucker, G. Goodyear. 17. Destruction of toxic organic materials using supercritical water oxidation: Current state of the technology; R. W. Shaw, N. Dahmen. 18. Kinetic studies of methanol oxidation in supercritical water and carbon dioxide; A. Kruse, et al. 19. Sub- and supercritical fluid processing of agrimaterials: Extraction, fractionation, and reaction modes; J. W. King. 20. Lipid extraction from plant and muscle tissues using supercritical CO2; F. Temelli. 21. Modeling of natural materials extraction; O. Hortacsu. 22. Design procedure and scale-up for separation processes with supercritical fluids; G. Brunner. Future Directions and Research Needs &endash; Summary of Panel Discussions. Appendix I. Poster Presentations. Appendix II. List of Participants. Index."Publisher Marketing: Supercritical fluids are neither gas nor liquid, but can be compressed gradually from low to high density and they are therefore interesting and important as tunable solvents and reaction media in the chemical process industry. By adjusting the density the properties of these fluids can be customised and manipulated for a given process - physical or chemical transformation. Separation and processing using supercritical solvents such as CO2 are currently on-line commercially in the food, essential oils and polymer industries. Many agencies and industries are considering the use of supercritical water for waste remediation. Supercritical fluid chromatography represents another, major analytical application. Significant advances have recently been made in materials processing, ranging from particle formation to the creation of porous materials. The chapters in this book provide tutorial accounts of topical areas centred around: (1) phase equilibria, thermodynamics and equations of state; (2) critical behaviour, crossover effects; (3) transport and interfacial properties; (4) molecular modelling, computer simulation; (5) reactions, spectroscopy; (6) phase separation kinetics; (7) extractions; (8) applications to polymers, pharmaceuticals, natural materials and chromatography; (9) process scale-up.

Contributor Bio:  North Atlantic Treaty Organization Dedication. Preface. Acknowledgments. Clifford Geometric Algebras in Multilinear Algebra and Non-Euclidean Geometries.- Geometric algebra Projective Geometries; Affine and other geometries; Affine Geometry of pseudo-euclidean space; Conformal Geometry and the Horosphere; References. Content-Based Information Retrieval by Group Theoretical Methods.- Introduction; Motivating Examples; General Concept; Fault Tolerance.- Applications, Prototypes, and Test Results; Related Work and Future Research; References.- Four Problems in Radar.-Introduction; Radar Fundamentals; Radar Waveforms; Signal Processing; Space-Time Adaptive Processing; Four Problems in Radar; Conclusions. Introduction to Generalized Classical and Quantum Signal and System Theories on Groups and Hypergroups.-Generalized classical signal/system theory on hypergroups; Generalized quantum signal/system theory on hypergroups; Conclusion; References. Lie Groups and Lie Algebras in Robotics.- Introduction -- Rigid Body Motions; Lie Groups; Finite Screw Motions; Mechanical Joints; Invisible Motion and Gripping; Forward Kinematics; Lie Algebra; The Adjoint Representation; The Exponential Map Derivatives of Exponentials; Jacobians; Concluding Remarks; References. Quantum/Classical Interface: a Geometric Approach from the Classical Side.- Introduction Paravector Space as Spacetime; Eigenspinors; Spin; Dirac Equation; Bell's Theorem; Qubits and Entanglement; Conclusions; References. PONS, Reed-Muller Codes, and Group Algebras.- Introduction; Analytic Theory of One-Dimensional PONS (Welti); Shapiro Sequences, Reed-Muller Codes, and Functional Equations; Group Algebras; Reformulation of Classical PONS; Group Algebra of Classical PONS; GroupAlgebra Convolution; Splitting Sequences; Historical Appendix on PONS; References. Clifford Algebras as a Unified Language.- Introduction; Clifford algebras as models of physical spaces; Clifford Algebras as Models of Perceptual Multicolor Spaces; Hypercomplex-Valued invariants of nD multicolor images; Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References. Recent Progress and Applications in Group FFTs.-Introduction; Finite group FFTs; FFTs for compact groups; Noncompact groups; References. Group Filters and Image Processing.- Introduction: Classical Digital Signal Processing; Abelian Group DSP; Nonabelian Groups; Examples; Group Transforms; Group Filters; Line-like Images; Acknowledgments; References. A Geometric Algebra Approach to Some Problems of Robot Vision.- Introduction; Local Analysis of Multi-dimensional Signals; Knowledge Based Neural Computing; Acknowledgments; References. Group Theory in Radar and Signal Processing.- Introduction; How a Radar Works; Representations; Representations and Radar; Ambiguity Functions; The Wide Band Case; References. Geometry of Paravector Space with Applications to Relativistic Physics.- Clifford Algebras in Physics; Paravector Space as Spacetime; Interpretation; Eigenspinors; Maxwell's Equation; Conclusions; References. A Unified Approach to Fourier-Clifford-Prometheus Transforms- Introduction; New construction of classical and multiparametric Prometheus transforms; PONS associated with Abelian groups; Fast Fourier-Prometheus Transforms; Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References. Fast Color Wavelet Transforms.- Introduction; Color images; Color Wavelet-Haar-Prometheus transforms; Edge detection and compression of color images; Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References. Selected Problems; Various Authors.- Transformations of Euclidean Space and Clifford Geometric; Algebra; References; On the Distribution of Kloosterman Sums on Polynomials over Quaternions; References; Harmonic Sliding Analysis Problems; References; Spectral Analysis under Conditions of Uncertainty; A Canonical Basis for Maximal Tori of the Reductive Centrizer of a Nilpotent Element; References; 6 The Quantum Chaos Conjecture References; Four Problems in Radar; Topic Index; Author Index